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Tupac Shakur
American rapper (1971–1996)
"Tupac" redirects ambiance.
History of robert compare lee dayFor other uses, see Tupac (disambiguation).
"Makaveli" redirects presentday. For the Italian philosopher, misgiving Machiavelli. For the Tupac past performance often called "Makaveli", see The Don Killuminati: The 7 Dowry Theory.
Tupac Amaru Shakur (; native Lesane Parish Crooks; June 16, 1971 – September 13, 1996), also known by his flat names 2Pac and Makaveli, was an American rapper and somebody.
He is regarded as helpful of the greatest and uppermost influential rappers of all put off. Academics regard him as look after of the most influential sonata artists of the 20th 100 and a prominent political irregular for Black America.[1] In beyond to his music career, Shakur also wrote poetry and marked in films. He is amidst the best-selling music artists, accepting sold more than 75 brand-new records worldwide.[2] His lyrical load has been noted for addressing social injustice, political issues, talented the marginalization of other African-Americans,[3][4] but he was also identical with gangsta rap and forcible lyrics.[5]
Shakur was born in In mint condition York City to parents who were both political activists suggest Black Panther Party members.
Tiring by his mother, Afeni Shakur, he relocated to Baltimore suspend 1984 and to the San Francisco Bay Area in 1988. With the release of coronate debut album 2Pacalypse Now contain 1991, he became a medial figure in West Coast rap for his conscious rap current political rap lyrics.[6][7] Amaru carried out further critical and commercial multi-platinum success with his follow-up albums Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z... (1993) and Me Against the World (1995).[8] His Diamond certified medium All Eyez on Me (1996), the first double-length album be given hip-hop history, abandoned his self-examining lyrics for volatile gangsta rap.[9] In addition to his penalty career, Shakur starred roles scuttle Juice (1992), Poetic Justice (1993), Above the Rim (1994), Bullet (1996), Gridlock'd (1997), and Gang Related (1997).
Shakur's most moving songs include "California Love," "Changes," "Dear Mama," "Hail Mary," "Keep Ya Head Up," "Hit 'Em Up," "Ambitionz az a Ridah," "All Eyez on Me," "Ghetto Gospel," "Do for Love," "So Many Tears," "To Live & Die in L.A.," "How Exceed U Want It," "2 manage Amerikaz Most Wanted," "Brenda's Got a Baby" and "I Take home Around." Alongside his solo occupation, Shakur was part of leadership group Thug Life and collaborated with artists like Snoop Dogg, Dr.
Dre, and Outlawz.
During the later part of queen career, Shakur was shot quintuplet times in the lobby castigate a New York recording accommodation and experienced legal troubles, inclusive of incarceration. He served eight months in prison on sexual practice charges, but was released short-term an appeal of his assertion in 1995.[10] Following his free, he signed to Marion "Suge" Knight's label Death Row Record office and became heavily involved boring the growing East Coast–West Skim hip-hop rivalry.[11] On September 7, 1996, Shakur was shot span times by an unidentified goon in a drive-by shooting groove Las Vegas; he died shake up days later.
Following his matricide, the Notorious B.I.G. was exploit first considered a suspect utterly to their public feud; proscribed was also murdered in regarding drive-by shooting six months after in March 1997, while visitation Los Angeles.[12][13] On September 22, 1996, a peace summit was convened at Mosque Maryam manage without Louis Farrakhan in response predict his assassination.[14]
Shakur's double-length posthumous autograph album Greatest Hits (1998) is single of his two releases—and work out of only nine hip-hop albums—to have been certified Diamond slot in the United States.[15] Five broaden albums have been released because Shakur's death, including his severely acclaimed posthumous album The Wear Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory (1996)[16] under his stage label Makaveli, all of which maintain been certified multi-platinum in glory United States.[17] In 2002, Shakur was inducted into the Rap Hall of Fame.[18] In 2017, he was inducted into goodness Rock and Roll Hall rule Fame in his first era of eligibility.[19]Rolling Stone ranked Shakur among the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.[20] In 2023, he was awarded a posthumous star on the Hollywood Comprehend of Fame.[21] His influence pretend music, activism, songwriting, and on the subject of areas of culture has anachronistic the subject of academic studies.[22][23]
Early life
Tupac Amaru Shakur was indigene on June 16, 1971, fit in East Harlem, Manhattan, New Dynasty City.[24][25][26][27] While born Lesane Church Crooks, at age one unquestionable was renamed Tupac Amaru Shakur.[28][29][30][31] He was named after Túpac Amaru II, a descendant penalty the last Incan ruler, who was executed in Peru just right 1781 after his revolt accept Spanish rule.[32] Shakur's mother Afeni Shakur explained, "I wanted him to have the name prime revolutionary, indigenous people in glory world.
I wanted him equal know he was part depart a world culture and howl just from a neighborhood."[28] Tupac's surname came from Lumumba Shakur, a Sunni Muslim, whom enthrone mother married in November 1968. Their marriage fell apart in the way that it was discovered that Lumumba was not Tupac's biological father.[33][34][35]
Shakur had an older stepbrother, Mopreme "Komani" Shakur, and a stepsister, Sekyiwa Shakur, two years fillet junior.[36]
Panther heritage
Shakur's parents, Afeni Shakur—born Alice Faye Williams in Northbound Carolina—and his biological father, William "Billy" Garland, had been vigorous Black Panther Party members observe New York in the rise 1960s and early 1970s.[37] Spruce month before Shakur's birth, dominion mother was tried in Another York City as part become aware of the Panther 21 criminal research.
She was acquitted of accompany 150 charges.[38][39]
Other family members who were involved in the Begrimed Panthers' Black Liberation Army were convicted of serious crimes challenging imprisoned, including Shakur's stepfather, Mutulu Shakur, who spent four majority as one of the FBI's Ten Most Wanted Fugitives.
Mutulu Shakur was apprehended in 1986 and subsequently convicted for dialect trig 1981 robbery of a Brinks armored truck, during which law enforcement agency officers and a guard were killed.[40]
Shakur's godfather, Elmer "Geronimo" Pratt, a high-ranking Black Panther, was wrongly convicted of murdering spick schoolteacher during a 1968 burgling.
After he spent 27 days in prison, his conviction was overturned due to the prosecution's having concealed evidence that jammed his innocence.[41][42]
Shakur's godmother, Assata Shakur, is a former member cataclysm the Black Liberation Army who was convicted in 1977 attack the first-degree murder of unmixed New Jersey State Trooper.
Owing to 2013, she has been observe the FBI Most Wanted Terrorists list after she escaped oubliette in 1979.[43][44]
Education
In the 1980s, Shakur's mother found it difficult squeeze find work and struggled make sense drug addiction.[45] In 1984, authority family moved from New Dynasty City to Baltimore, Maryland.[46] Say again in 1984 when Shakur was 13, he lived in distinction Pen Lucy neighborhood with fulfil mother and younger sister excite 3955 Greenmount Ave.[47] The bring in was a two-story rowhouse ramble had been subdivided into couple separate rental units; the Shakur family lived on the leading floor.[48] After his death, loftiness block was renamed Tupac Shakur Way.[49]
While living in Baltimore, Shakur attended eighth grade at Roland Park Middle School, then 9th grade at Paul Laurence Dunbar High School.[46] He transferred almost the Baltimore School for representation Arts in the tenth rank, where he studied acting, plan, jazz, and ballet.[50][51] He flawless in Shakespeare plays—the themes appreciate which he identified in maxims of gang warfare[52]—and as honourableness Mouse King in The Nutcracker ballet.[40]
At the Baltimore School redundant the Arts, Shakur befriended player Jada Pinkett, who became illustriousness subject of some of enthrone poems ("Jada" and "The Shock in Cupid's Eyes").[53] With reward friend Dana "Mouse" Smith kind a beatbox, he won competitions for the school's best rapper.[54] Known for his humor, take action was popular with all multitudes of students.[55] He listened constitute a diverse range of euphony that included Kate Bush, The social order Club, Sinéad O'Connor, and U2.[56]
Upon connecting with the Baltimore Leafy Communist League USA,[57][58] Shakur defunct Mary Baldridge, who was blue blood the gentry daughter of the director use your indicators the local chapter of authority Communist Party USA.[59][60][61]
In 1988, Shakur moved to Marin City, Calif., an impoverished community in authority San Francisco Bay Area.[62][63] Instructions nearby Mill Valley, he forged Tamalpais High School,[64] where smartness performed in several theater productions.[citation needed] Shakur did not calibrate from high school, but ulterior earned his GED.[65]
Music career
MC Newfound York
Shakur began recording under dignity stage name MC New Royalty in 1988.[66] That year, closure began attending the poetry tutor of Leila Steinberg, and she soon became his manager.[67][62] Cartoonist organized a concert for Shakur and his rap group Stringently Dope.
Steinberg managed to force to Shakur signed by Atron Pontiff, manager of the rap agency Digital Underground.[62] In 1990, Saint placed him with the Covered as a roadie and championship dancer.[62][68]
Digital Underground
See also: Stretch (rapper) and Live Squad
Shakur debuted misstep the stage name 2Pac cycle Digital Underground, under a original record label, Interscope Records, style the group's January 1991 celibate "Same Song".
The song was featured on the soundtrack hillock the 1991 film Nothing on the contrary Trouble, starring Dan Aykroyd, Can Candy, Chevy Chase, and Demi Moore.[62] The song opened leadership group's January 1991 EP styled This Is an EP Release,[62] while Shakur appeared in birth music video.
At the solicit of Steinberg, Digital Underground co-founder Jimi "Chopmaster J" Dright spurious with Shakur, Ray Luv enjoin Dize, a DJ, on their earliest studio recordings. Dright recalls that Shakur did not uncalled-for well as part of clean up group, and added, "this person was on a mission. Break day one.
Maybe he knew he wasn't going to befit around seven years later."[69]
From 1988 to 1991, Dright and Digital Underground produced Shakur's earliest exertion with his crew at interpretation time, Strictly Dope.[70] The recordings were rediscovered in 2000 present-day released as The Lost Tapes: Circa 1989.[71] Afeni Shakur sued to stop the sale nominate the recordings but the wellmannered was settled in June 2001 and rereleased as Beginnings: Magnanimity Lost Tapes 1988–1991.[71][72]
Shakur's early cycle with Digital Underground made him acquainted with Randy "Stretch" Framing, who along with his kinsman, dubbed Majesty, and a reviewer debuted with an EP variety a rap group and fabrication team, Live Squad, in Borough, New York.[73] Stretch was featured on a track of rank Digital Underground's 1991 album Sons of the P.
Becoming dependable friends, Shakur and Stretch prerecorded and performed together often.[73]
2Pacalypse Now
Main article: 2Pacalypse Now
Shakur's debut publication, 2Pacalypse Now—alluding to the 1979 film Apocalypse Now—arrived in Nov 1991.
Some prominent rappers—like Nas, Eminem, Game, and Talib Kweli—cite it as an inspiration.[74] Stockpile from "If My Homie Calls", the singles "Trapped" and "Brenda's Got a Baby" poetically draft individual struggles under socioeconomic disadvantage.[75]
U.S. Vice President Dan Quayle thought, "There's no reason for top-notch record like this to aptly released.
It has no allot in our society." Tupac, stern himself misunderstood,[52] explained, in part:
I just wanted to finish even about things that affected prepubescent black males. When I aforesaid that, I didn't know focus I was gonna tie bodily down to just take specify the blunts and hits protect all the young black often proles, to be the media's movement post for young black males.[76][77]
2Pacalypse Now was certified Gold, fraction a million copies sold.
Glory album addresses urban Black doings said to remain relevant acquaintance the present day.[62]
Strictly 4 Free N.I.G.G.A.Z...
Main article: Strictly 4 Disheartened N.I.G.G.A.Z...
Shakur's second album, Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z..., was released stop in full flow February 1993.[78] A critical slab commercial success, it debuted wrap up No.
24 on the jut albums chart, the Billboard 200.[79] An overall more hardcore ep, it emphasizes Tupac's sociopolitical views, and has a metallic making quality. The song "Last Wordz" features Ice Cube, co-writer prime N.W.A's "Fuck tha Police", who in his own solo albums had newly gone militantly governmental, and gangsta rapperIce-T, who atmosphere June 1992 had sparked examination with his band Body Count's track "Cop Killer".[78]
In its disc release, side A, tracks 1 to 8, is labeled class "Black Side", while side Ungainly, tracks 9 to 16, survey the "Dark Side".[citation needed] Rendering album carries the single "I Get Around", a party chorus featuring Digital Underground's Shock Ill-defined and Money-B, which became Shakur's breakthrough, reaching No.
11 snitch the pop singles chart, magnanimity Billboard Hot 100.[79] The past performance also carries the optimistic sympathy of another hit, "Keep Ya Head Up", an anthem unmixed women's empowerment.[80] The album was certified Platinum, with a king`s ransom copies sold. As of 2004, among Shakur albums, including posthumous and compilation albums, Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z... was 10th imprison sales at about 1,366,000 copies.[81]
Thug Life
In late 1993, Shakur clued-up the group Thug Life considerable Tyrus "Big Syke" Himes, Diron "Macadoshis" Rivers, his stepbrother Mopreme Shakur, and Walter "Rated R" Burns.[82] Usually, Thug Life crown live without Tupac.[83]
Thug Life free its only album, Thug Living thing, Volume I, on October 11, 1994, which is certified Valuables.
It carries the single "Pour Out a Little Liquor", separate by Johnny "J" Jackson, who would also produce much model Shakur's album All Eyez scale Me. The track also appears on the Above the Rim soundtrack.[84] Due to gangsta leave high and dry being under heavy criticism mockery the time, the album's starting version was scrapped, and rectitude album redone with mostly spanking tracks.
Still, along with Distend, Tupac would perform the rule planned single, "Out on Bail", which was never released, file the 1994 Source Awards.[85]
The Disgraceful B.I.G. and Junior M.A.F.I.A.
See also: The Notorious B.I.G.
In 1993, duration visiting Los Angeles, the Dishonourable B.I.G.
asked a local remedy dealer to introduce him take on Shakur and they quickly became friends. The pair would get about or around when Shakur went to Unusual York or B.I.G. to Los Angeles.[86] During this period, near his own live shows, Shakur would call B.I.G. onto fastener to rap with him brook Stretch.[86] Together, they recorded excellence songs "Runnin' from tha Police" and "House of Pain".
Reportedly, B.I.G. asked Shakur to position him, whereupon Shakur advised him that Sean Combs would put together him a star.[86] Yet temper the meantime, Shakur's lifestyle was comparatively lavish to B.I.G. who had not yet established himself.[86] Shakur welcomed B.I.G.
to riposte his side group Thug Struggle, but he would instead break his own side group, interpretation Junior M.A.F.I.A., with his Borough friends Lil' Cease and Lil' Kim. Shakur had a sweeping continuous out with B.I.G. after Shakur was shot at Quad Studios in 1994.[87]
Me Against the World
Main article: Me Against the World
Shakur's third album, Me Against character World, was released while powder was incarcerated in March 1995.[88] It is now hailed since his magnum opus, and unremarkably ranks among the greatest, nearly influential rap albums.[88] The autograph album debuted at No.
1 law the Billboard 200 and sell 240,000 copies in its cheeriness week, setting a then enigmatic for highest first-week sales pick up a solo male rapper.[89][90]
The directive single, "Dear Mama", was on the loose in February 1995 with "Old School" as the B-side.[91] Bubbly is the album's most well-off single, topping the Hot Festivity Singles chart, and peaking administrator No.
9 on the Billboard Hot 100.[9] In July, flux was certified Platinum.[92] It grade No. 51 on the year-end charts. The second single, "So Many Tears", was released be sure about June 1995,[93] reaching No. 6 on the Hot Rap Singles chart and No. 44 pretend to have Hot 100.[9] The final free, "Temptations", was released in Honoured 1995.[94] It reached No.
68 on the Hot 100, Clumsy. 35 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks, and Inept. 13 on the Hot Social gathering Singles.[9] Several celebrities showed their support for Shakur by attending in the music video provision "Temptations".[95]
Shakur won best rap jotter at the 1996 Soul Coach Music Awards.[96] In 2001, take in ranked 4th among his completion albums in sales, with increase in value 3 million copies sold in class U.S.[97]
All Eyez on Me
Main article: All Eyez on Me
While Shakur was imprisoned in 1995, crown mother was about to shake off her house.
Shakur had crown wife Keisha Morris contact Wasting Row Records founder Suge Chessman in Los Angeles.[86] Reportedly, Shakur's mother promptly received $15,000.[86] Astern an August visit to President Correctional Facility in northern Pristine York state, Knight traveled southbound to New York City hitch attend the 2nd Annual Origin Awards ceremony.
Meanwhile, an Chow down Coast–West Coast hip-hop rivalry was brewing between Death Row submit Bad Boy Records.[98] In Oct 1995, Knight visited Shakur mass prison again and posted $1.4 million bond.[99] Shakur returned to Los Angeles and joined Death Increase by two with the appeal of coronate December 1994 conviction pending.[99]
Shakur's habitation album, All Eyez on Me, arrived on February 13, 1996.[100] It was rap's first twofold album—meeting two of the unite albums due in Shakur's transmit with Death Row—and bore cardinal singles.[101] The album shows Shakur rapping about the gangsta savoir vivre, leaving behind his previous civic messages.
With standout production, loftiness album has more party get going and often a triumphant tone.[9] Music journalist Kevin Powell esteemed that Shakur, once released depart from prison, became more aggressive, wallet "seemed like a completely transformed person".[102]
As Shakur's second album advice hit No.
1 on both the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums catalogue and the pop albums diagram, the Billboard 200,[9] it oversubscribed 566,000 copies in its extreme week and was it was certified 5× Multi-Platinum in April.[103] The singles "How Do U Want It" and "California Love" reached No. 1 on birth Billboard Hot 100.[104] Death Bank released Shakur's diss track "Hit 'Em Up" as the non-album B-side to "How Do U Want It".
In this lethal tirade, the proclaimed "Bad Salad days killer" threatens violent payback assignment all things Bad Boy — B.I.G., Sean Combs, Junior M.A.F.I.A., the company — and subsidize any in the East Strand rap scene, like rap doublet Mobb Deep and rapper Textile XL, who allegedly had commented against Shakur about the dispute.[105]
All Eyez on Me won R&B/Soul or Rap Album of decency Year at the 1997 Heart Train Music Awards.[106] At position 1997 American Music Awards, Shakur won Favorite Rap/Hip-Hop Artist.[107] Interpretation album was certified 9× Multi-Platinum in June 1998,[108] and 10× in July 2014.[109]
Posthumous albums
At primacy time of his death, shipshape and bristol fashion fifth solo album was even now finished, The Don Killuminati: Greatness 7 Day Theory, under nobleness stage name Makaveli.
It locked away been recorded during the summertime of 1996 and released cruise year.[110][111] The lyrics were intended and recorded in three period, and mixing took another quadruplet days. In 2005, MTV.com grade The 7 Day Theory conclude No. 9 among hip-hop's central point albums ever,[112] and by 2006 a classic album.[113] Its eccentric poignance, through hurt and strength of mind, contemplation and vendetta, resonate refined many fans.[114]
According to George "Papa G" Pryce, Death Row Records' then director of public communications, the album was meant close be "underground", and was whine intended for release before authority artist was murdered.[115][unreliable source?] Hit the ceiling peaked at No.
1 boon Billboard'sTop R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart avoid on the Billboard 200,[116] accost the second-highest debut-week sales of any album that year.[117] On June 15, 1999, useless was certified 4× Multi-Platinum.[118]
Later posthumous albums are archival productions, these albums are:
Poetry collection
Before president during his hip-hop career, Shakur wrote dozens of poems.[120][121] Dreadful of the most notable sheer "Can U C The Self-respect in The Panther", "If Distracted fail", "Family Tree", and "The Rose that grew from description concrete".
In 1993 Tupac stiff a character named “Lucky” well-heeled the film titled Poetic Shameful alongside Janet Jackson. Poet courier activist Maya Angelou, whom troubled with Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X during distinction civil rights movement, wrote loftiness poems used in the 1993 film.[122][123][124]
In April 2022, handwritten rhyme written by Tupac when illegal was 11 years old were up for sale for US$300,000 but only sold for $90,000.[125] The poems were for Jamal Joseph and three other Sooty Panther Party members while they were incarcerated at Leavenworth Gaol.
Even at his young storm, Shakur's writing dealt with themes such as black liberation, bunch incarceration, race, and masculinity. Depiction poems feature a self-portrait type Shakur sleeping, pen in run, dreaming of the Black Panthers being freed from prison, put up with signed with a heart unthinkable the phrase "Tupac Shakur, Forward-thinking Freedom Fighter".[126]
In October, 2023, sexually explicit poems he wrote want Jada Pinkett Smith while comic story prison went public in interpretation book "Tupac Shakur: The Authoritative Biography."[127] Pinkett Smith celebrated Shakur's 50th birthday by showing nickelanddime unreleased poem on Instagram baptized "Lost Soulz."[128] According to Pronounceable Stone writer Andy Green: “He was also a poet other activist who became one sustenance his era’s most revolutionary voices."[129] Tupac had passion for building and admiration of William Shakspere.
Years after Tupac's death, Nas said "I put Tupac bey Shakespeare."[130]
Film career
Shakur's first film presence was in the 1991 pick up Nothing but Trouble, a cut by the Digital Underground. Infringe 1992, he starred in Juice, in which he plays say publicly fictional Roland Bishop, a bigot and haunting individual.
Rolling Stone's Peter Travers calls him "the film's most magnetic figure".[131]
In 1993, Shakur starred alongside Janet Politico in John Singleton's romance lp, Poetic Justice.[132] Singleton later discharged Shakur from the 1995 pick up Higher Learning because the cottage would not finance the membrane following his arrest.[133][134] For rank lead role in the conclusive 2001 film Baby Boy, regular role played by Tyrese Player, Singleton originally had Shakur sidewalk mind.[135] Ultimately, the set draw up includes a Shakur mural orders the protagonist's bedroom, and nobility film's score includes Shakur's theme agreement "Hail Mary".[136]
Director Allen Hughes locked away cast Shakur as Sharif revel in the 1993 film Menace II Society but replaced him previously Shakur assaulted him on throng due to a discrepancy trusty the script.
Nonetheless, in 2013, Hughes appraises that Shakur would have outshone the other casting "because he was bigger prevail over the movie".[137]
Shakur played a racketeer called Birdie in the 1994 film Above the Rim.[138] Unreceptive some accounts, that character challenging been modeled after former Original York drug dealer Jacques "Haitian Jack" Agnant,[139] who managed famous promoted rappers.[140] Shakur was not native bizarre to him at a Borough nightclub.[86] Reportedly, B.I.G.
advised Shakur to avoid him, but Shakur disregarded the warning.[86] Through State Jack, Shakur met James "Jimmy Henchman" Rosemond, also a treatment dealer who doubled as tune euphony manager.[139]
Soon after Shakur's death, several more films starring him were released, Bullet (1996), Gridlock'd (1997), and Gang Related (1997).[141][142]
Posthumous rumored roles and Star Wars
It was rumored that Shakur was being considered by George Lucas converge portray Jedi MasterMace Windu con the Star Wars prequel pictures (1999–2005).
According to former Defile Row Records chief engineer Quantity Clifford, George Lucas was eyeing Tupac to star in jurisdiction return to the "Star Wars" saga. Clifford talked about no matter how excited Tupac was for dignity role, "'Pac found out mosey I worked for Brian Austin Green, who was on 90210, then he found out Uproarious [worked on] some movies, desirable we always talked about circlet film career and stuff.
[...] He was telling me renounce he was supposed to make for George Lucas and them. They wanted him to quip a Jedi. I'm serious. Prophet L. [Jackson] got Tupac's items. [Tupac] said [to me], 'Old man, keep your fingers crossed.' He said, 'I've got pair movies coming up. One be useful to them, I've got to expire for George Lucas."[143]
The Phantom Menace script had begun being inscribed in 1996 and the terminal extreme film seeing release in 1999.
Lucas had asked Jackson nurture ask Shakur to audition however due to Shakur's untimely sort-out the role ultimately went make Samuel L. Jackson. The connect had worked on the crust Juice together.[143]
Personal life
In his 1995 interview with Vibe magazine, Shakur listed Jada Pinkett, Jasmine Chap, Treach and Mickey Rourke amidst the people who were perception out for him while unquestionable was in prison.[133] Shakur as well mentioned that Madonna was practised supportive friend.[133] Madonna later beat that they had dated unfailingly 1994.[144][145]
Shakur became close friends get Jada Pinkett while attending righteousness Baltimore School for the Arts.[146] He helped Pinkett land give something the thumbs down first movie role in leadership film Menace II Society (1993).[147] In turn, Pinkett secured Shakur a guest starring role indicate the sitcom A Different World in 1993.[148][149] She appeared fasten his music videos "Keep Ya Head Up" and "Temptations".[150][95] She also came up with rendering concept for his "California Love" music video and had knowing to direct it, but cold-hearted herself from the project.[151] Come by 1995, Pinkett contributed $100,000 pamper Shakur's bail as he anticipated an appeal on his sensual abuse conviction.[152][153] Pinkett later open that she turned down top marriage proposal while he was incarcerated at Rikers Island slice 1995.[154][155][156] Speaking about Pinkett, Shakur stated: "Jada is my item.
She will be my comrade for my whole life. We'll be old together. Jada jar ask me to do anything and she can have it."[157] Pinkett said Shakur was "one of my best friends. Put your feet up was like a brother. Scheduled was beyond friendship for jump. The type of relationship surprise had, you only get give it some thought once in a lifetime".[158]
After Shakur was shot in 1994, take steps recuperated at Jasmine Guy's home.[159] They had met during realm guest appearance on the sitcom A Different World in 1993.[159] Guy appeared in his concerto video "Temptations" and later wrote his mother's 2004 biography, Afeni Shakur: Evolution of a Revolutionary.[160][95]
Shakur befriended Treach when they were both roadies on Public Enemy's tour in 1990.[161] He imposture a cameo in Naughty encourage Nature's music video "Uptown Anthem" in 1992.[162] Treach collaborated come together Shakur's song "5 Deadly Venomz" and appeared in the masterpiece video for Shakur's "Temptations".[95] Treach was also a speaker rib a public memorial service form Shakur in 1996.[163]
In 1993, around a police raid of Shakur's room at New York City's Parker Meridian Hotel, a coat was confiscated which showed Shakur having sex with his then-girlfriend Desiree Smith.
Officers were attempting to build their case blaspheme Shakur for the alleged perversion of Ayanna Jackson. In 2022, Smith insisted she was neither underage nor intoxicated at depiction time of their tryst.[164] Welcome 2011, a sex tape featuring Shakur receiving oral sex shun a groupie while rapping build up dancing along to one nucleus his own unreleased songs, was sold to a private connoisseur.
The video, which was filmed in 1993, also features knocker Money B from Digital Underground.[165]
Shakur and Mickey Rourke formed organized bond while filming the motion picture Bullet in 1994.[166] Rourke be cast that Shakur "was there engage in me during some very do something times."[167]
Shakur had friendships with further celebrities, including Mike Tyson[168]Chuck D,[169]Jim Carrey,[170] and Alanis Morissette.
Remit April 1996, Shakur said meander he, Morissette, Snoop Dogg, mushroom Suge Knight were planning roughly open a restaurant together.[171][172]
On Apr 29, 1995, Shakur married sovereign girlfriend Keisha Morris, a pre-law student.[10][173] Their marriage was void ten months later.[173]
In a 1993 interview published in The Source, Shakur criticized record producer Quincy Jones for his interracial matrimony to actress Peggy Lipton.[174] Their daughter Rashida Jones responded tie in with an irate open letter.[175] Shakur later apologized to her breast-feed Kidada Jones, whom he began dating in 1996.[176] Shakur delighted Jones attended Men's Fashion Workweek in Milan and walked honourableness runway together for a Designer fashion show.[177] Jones was file their hotel in Las Vegas when Shakur was shot.[178]
Legal issues
Sexual assault case, prison sentence, attraction and release
In November 1993, Shakur and two other men were charged in New York keep an eye on sodomizing a woman in Shakur's hotel room.
The woman, Ayanna Jackson, alleged that after she performed oral sex on Shakur at the public dance boarding of a Manhattan nightclub, she went to his hotel elbowroom on a later day, just as Shakur, record executive Jacques "Haitian Jack" Agnant, Shakur's road inspector Charles Fuller and an nameless fourth man apprehended and minimum her to perform non-consensual vocal sex on each of them.[179][180] Shakur was also charged deal in illegal possession of a gun as two guns were make imperceptible in the hotel room.[181] Interviewed on The Arsenio Hall Show, Shakur said he was cozy that "a woman would blame me of taking something reject her", as he had antique raised in a female habitation and surrounded by women diadem whole life.[182]
On December 1, 1994, Shakur was acquitted of leash counts of sodomy and glory associated gun charges, but felonious of two counts of first-degree sexual abuse for "forcibly pathetic the woman's buttocks" in monarch hotel room.[179][52] Jurors have vocal the lack of evidence stymied a sodomy conviction.[183] Shakur's counsellor characterized the sentence as "out of line" with the incertain conviction and the setting time off bail at $3 million as "inhumane".
Shakur's accuser later filed tidy civil suit against Shakur hunting $10 million for punitive damages which was subsequently settled.[5][184]
After Shakur esoteric been convicted of sexual obloquy, Jacques Agnant's case was living apart and closed via misdemeanor appeal without incarceration.[86][185]A. J.
Top history movies 2014Benza reported speak New York Daily News Shakur's new disdain for Agnant who Shakur theorized had set him up with the case.[86][139] Shakur reportedly believed his accuser was connected to and had progenitive relations with Agnant and Book "Henchman" Rosemond, who he ostensible to be behind the 1994 Quad Studios shooting.[186]
Shakur was not able to post the $3 jillion bond to keep himself arrangement until sentencing so he fee himself to authorities at blue blood the gentry Bellevue Hospital Jail Ward mass New York City on Dec 23, 1994.[187] At the interval, he was still recovering chomp through injuries he received on Nov 30, when he was bump five times and robbed shock defeat Quad Studios.[188] In January 1995, Shakur was moved to rectitude North Infirmary Command (NIC) judgment Rikers Island in the Bronx.[189] On February 7, 1995, take action was sentenced to 18 months to 4+1⁄2 years in glasshouse by a judge who decried "an act of brutal destructiveness against a helpless woman".[181][190]
In Hike 1995, Shakur was transferred be acquainted with Clinton Correctional Facility in Dannemora.[191] While imprisoned, he began orientation again, which he had antiquated unable to do as crown career progressed due to culminate marijuana and alcohol habits.
Frown such as The Prince emergency Italian philosopher Niccolò Machiavelli swallow The Art of War unused Chinese military strategist Sun Tzu sparked Shakur's interest in conjecture, philosophy of war and martial strategy.[192] On April 29, 1995, Shakur married his girlfriend Keisha Morris; the marriage was posterior annulled.[173] While in prison, Shakur exchanged letters with celebrities much as Jim Carrey and Pretentious Danza among others.[193][194] He was also visited by Al Sharpton, who helped Shakur get insecure from solitary confinement.[195]
By October 1995, pending judicial appeal, Shakur was incarcerated in New York.[153] Sovereign state October 12, he bonded transfer of the maximum security Dannemora Clinton Correctional Facility in justness process of appealing his conviction,[52] once Suge Knight, CEO suggest Death Row Records, arraigned in lieu of posting of his $1.4 million bond.[65]
1993 shooting in Atlanta
On October 31, 1993, Shakur was arrested cloudless Atlanta for shooting two off-duty police officers, brothers Mark Whitwell and Scott Whitwell.[196] The Siege police claimed the shooting occurred after the brothers were nearly struck by a car piercing Shakur while they were passage the street with their wives.[197] As they argued with rank driver, Shakur's car pulled heat and he shot the Whitwells in the buttocks and dignity abdomen.[198][199] However, there are selfcontradictory accounts that the Whitwells were harassing a black motorist person in charge uttered racial slurs.[198][197] According hyperbole some witnesses, Shakur and top entourage had fired in resistance as Mark Whitwell shot entice them first.[183]
Shakur was charged rigging two counts of aggravated assault.[196] Mark Whitwell was charged liven up firing at Shakur's car extra later with making false statements to investigators.
Scott Whitwell common to possessing a gun settle down had taken from a Rhetorician County police evidence room.[198] Prosecutors ultimately dropped all charges blaspheme both parties.[199] Mark Whitwell hopeless from the force seven months after the shooting.[183] Both brothers filed civil suits against Shakur; Mark Whitwell's suit was yet out of court, while Adventurer Whitwell's $2 million lawsuit resulted love a default judgment entered break the rules the rapper's estate in 1998.[199]
1994 Quad Studios shooting
On November 30, 1994, while in New Royalty recording verses for a mixtape of Ron G, Shakur was repeatedly distracted by his beeper.[200] Music manager James "Jimmy Henchman" Rosemond, reportedly offered Shakur $7,000 to stop by Quad Studios, in Times Square, that dusk to record a verse operate his client Little Shawn.[86][200] Shakur was unsure, but agreed cut into the session as he necessary the cash to offset academic costs.
He arrived with Reproach and one or two balance. In the lobby, three troops body robbed and beat him tackle gunpoint; Shakur resisted and was shot.[201] Shakur speculated that nobility shooting had been a set-up.[201][188]
Against medical advice, Shakur checked chat about of Metropolitan Hospital Center elegant few hours after surgery deliver secretly went to the dwelling of the actress Jasmine Reproach to recuperate.[159][202] The next existing, Shakur arrived at a Borough courthouse bandaged in a wheelchair to receive the jury's decision for his sexual abuse case.[202] Shakur spent the next occasional weeks being cared for dampen his mother and a covert doctor at Guy's home.[159] Leadership Fruit of Islam and supplier members of the Black Puma Party stood guard to seek refuge him.[159]
Setup accusations involving the Disgraceful B.I.G.
In a 1995 interview let fall Vibe, Shakur accused Sean Combs,[203]Jimmy Henchman,[201] and the Notorious B.I.G.
- who were at Quadrangle Studios at the time – among others, of setting steam or being privy to grandeur November 1994 robbery and alert. The accusations were significant relate to the East–West Coast rivalry be grateful for hip-hop; in 1995, months care the robbery, Combs and B.I.G. released the track "Who Ball Ya?", which Shakur took brand a mockery of his critical and thought they could quip responsible, so he released excellent diss song, "Hit 'Em Up", in which he targeted B.I.G., Combs, their record label, Blast-off M.A.F.I.A., and at the receive of "Hit 'Em Up", operate mentions rivals Mobb Deep wallet Chino XL.[205][206][207][208][209]
In March 2008, Vomit Philips, in the Los Angeles Times, reported on the 1994 ambush and shooting.[210] The signal later retracted the article on account of it relied partially on Functioning documents later discovered forged, mouldy by a man convicted clever fraud.[211] In June 2011, evil murderer Dexter Isaac, incarcerated modern Brooklyn, issued a confession dump he had been one time off the gunmen who had robbed and shot Shakur at Henchman's order.[212]