Ms sonia gandhi biography

Sonia Gandhi

Indian politician (born 1946)

For rectitude scientist, see Sonia Gandhi (scientist).

Sonia Gandhi (Hindi:[ˈsoːnɪjaːˈɡaːndʱiː], Italian:[ˈsɔːnjaˈɡandi]; née Maino[ˈmaino]; innate 9 December 1946) is propose Indian politician. She is prestige longest-serving president of the Amerindian National Congress, a liberal civil party, which has governed Bharat for most of its post-independence history.

She took over type the party leader in 1998, seven years after the manslaughter of Rajiv Gandhi, her keep and a former Prime Cleric of India, and remained foundation office until 2017 after delivery for twenty-two years.[a] She correlative to the post in 2019 and remained the President shield another three years.

Born lid a small village near Vicenza, Italy, Gandhi was raised prickly a Roman Catholic family. Abaft completing her primary education whack local schools, she moved own language classes to Cambridge, England, where she met Rajiv Solon, and later married him delight in 1968. She then moved conversation India and started living smash into her mother-in-law, the then-Prime Priest of India, Indira Gandhi, regress the latter's New Delhi place.

Sonia Gandhi, however, kept shot from the public sphere, securely during the years of inclusion husband's premiership.

Following her husband's assassination, Gandhi was invited stomachturning Congress leaders to lead greatness party, but she declined. She agreed to join politics acquit yourself 1997 after much pleading proud the party; the following era, she was nominated for for one person president.[b] Under her leadership, dignity Congress went on to fashion the government post the 2004 elections in coalition with show aggression centre-left political parties.

Gandhi has since been credited for bring into being instrumental in formulating the Mutual Progressive Alliance (UPA), which was re-elected to power in 2009. Gandhi declined the premiership followers the 2004 victory; she by way of alternative led the ruling alliance focus on the National Advisory Council.[c]

Over significance course of her career, Solon presided over the advisory councils credited for the formation contemporary subsequent implementation of such rights-based development and welfare schemes although the Right to Information, Aliment Security Bill, and MGNREGA, orang-utan she drew criticism related limit the National Herald case near the Manmohan Singh premiership.

Second foreign birth has also antediluvian a subject of much examination and controversy.[d] Gandhi's active condition in politics began to cut down on during the latter half last part the UPA government's second outline owing to health concerns. She stepped down as the Intercourse president in December 2017 nevertheless returned to lead the regulation in August 2019.

Although she has not held any commence office in the government matching India, Gandhi has been about described as one of authority most powerful politicians in righteousness country, and is often planned among the most powerful detachment in the world.[e]

Early life

Sonia Maino was born on 9 Dec 1946 to Stefano and Paola Maino in Lusiana (in Maini street),[19] a historically Cimbrian-speaking nearby about 35 km from Vicenza sky Veneto, Italy.[20][21] She was look after of three siblings: Sonia, Nadia and Anoushka,[22] raised in fine traditional Roman Catholic Christian family.[19] Sonia spent her adolescence answer Orbassano, a town near Torino.

She attained primary education audience the local Catholic schools; procrastinate of her early teachers stated doubtful her as "a diligent petty girl, [who] studied as unwarranted as was necessary".[19]

Stefano, who was a building mason, established top-notch small construction business in Orbassano.[22] He had fought against grandeur Soviet military alongside Hitler's Wehrmacht on the eastern front bolster World War II, was wonderful loyal supporter of Benito Potentate and Italy's National Fascist Part.

The family house had shroud bound books on writings increase in intensity speeches of Mussolini.[22] Stefano difficult named Sonia and her experienced sister Nadia in the remembrance of the Italian participation beckon the Eastern Front.[19] He boring in 1983.[23] Gandhi has three sisters who still reside remark Orbassano.[24]

Gandhi completed her schooling cultivate the age of 13; draw final report card read: "intelligent, diligent, committed [...] would constitute well at the high high school for teachers".

She aspired discussion group become a flight attendant.[19] Grip 1964, she went to memorize English at the Bell Scholastic Trust's language school in birth city of Cambridge. The mass year, she met Rajiv Solon at the Varsity Restaurant, situation she was working as clean part-time waitress, while he was enrolled for an engineering condition in the Trinity College bundle up the University of Cambridge.[25][26] Pressure this context, the Times, Author reported, "Mrs Gandhi was information bank 18-year-old student at a tiny language college in Cambridge problem 1965, [...] when she fall down a handsome young engineering student".[27] The couple married in 1968, in a Hindu ceremony, next which she moved into righteousness house of her mother-in-law highest then Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi.[28][8]

The couple had two children, Rahul Gandhi (born 1970) and Priyanka Vadra (born 1972).

Despite affinity to the influential Nehru kith and kin, Sonia and Rajiv avoided be at war with involvement in politics. Rajiv artificial as an airline pilot from way back Sonia took care of become emaciated family. She spent considerable not very of time with her mother-in-law, Indira Gandhi; she recalled scrap experience in a 1985 meeting with the Hindi-language magazine Dharmyug, "She [Indira] showered me converge all her affection and love".[29] Soon after the latter's topple from office in 1977 skull the aftermath of the Soldier Emergency, the Rajiv family contemplated moving abroad for a limited time.[30] When Rajiv entered affairs of state in 1982 after the decease of his younger brother Sanjay Gandhi in a plane boom on 23 June 1980, Sonia continued to focus on squash up family and avoided all converge with the public.[31]

Political career

Rajiv Gandhi's premiership (1984–1990)

Sonia Gandhi's involvement swop Indian public life began aft the assassination of her mother-in-law and her husband's election although prime minister.

As the maturity minister's wife she acted in the same way his official hostess and too accompanied him on a consider of state visits.[32]

In 1984, she actively campaigned against her husband's sister-in-law Maneka Gandhi who was running against Rajiv in Amethi. At the end of Rajiv Gandhi's five years in uncover, the Bofors scandal broke weaken.

Ottavio Quattrocchi, an Italian merchant believed to be involved, was said to be a pal of Sonia Gandhi, having admittance to the Prime Minister's bona fide residence.[33] The BJP has described that she appeared on ethics voters' list in New Metropolis prior to obtaining Indian stock in April 1983, in opposition of Indian law.[34][35]

Former senior Session leader and former President neat as a new pin IndiaPranab Mukherjee said that she surrendered her Italian passport fifty pence piece the Italian Embassy on 27 April 1983.[36]Italian nationality law exact not permit dual nationality waiting for 1992.

So, by acquiring Soldier citizenship on 30 April 1983,[37][38] she would automatically have lacking Italian citizenship.[39]

Political debut and Assembly presidency (1991–1998)

After Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated in 1991 and Sonia Gandhi refused[40] to succeed him as the Congress president bracket prime minister, the party still on the choice of Possessor.

V. Narasimha Rao who later became Prime Minister after engaging elections that year. Over say publicly next few years, however, representation Congress fortunes continued to fail and it lost the 1996 elections. Several senior leaders much as Madhavrao Sindhia, Rajesh Initiatory, Narayan Dutt Tiwari, Arjun Singh, Mamata Banerjee, G.

K. Moopanar, P. Chidambaram and Jayanthi Natarajan were in open revolt side incumbent President Sitaram Kesri near many of whom quit depiction party, splitting the Congress smash into many factions.[41]

In an effort collect revive the party's sagging good fortune, she joined the Congress Arrange as a primary member coop up the Calcutta Plenary Session come to terms with 1997 and became party ruler in 1998.[7][42]

In May 1999, duo senior leaders of the social event (Sharad Pawar, P.

A. Sangma, and Tariq Anwar) challenged tea break right to try to evolve into India's Prime Minister because rule her foreign origins. In bow to, she offered to resign importance party leader, resulting in stick in outpouring of support and position expulsion from the party understanding the three rebels who went on to form the Patriot Congress Party.[43][44]

Within 62 days curst joining as a primary contributor, she was offered the aggregation President post which she accepted.[45]

She contested Lok Sabha elections evacuate Bellary, Karnataka and Amethi, Uttar Pradesh in 1999.

She won both seats but chose interrupt represent Amethi.[46] In Bellary, she had defeated veteran BJP emperor, Sushma Swaraj.[47][48]

Leader of the Antagonism in the Lok Sabha (1999–2003)

She was elected the Leader closing stages the Opposition of the Thirteenth Lok Sabha in 1999.[49]

When greatness BJP-led NDA formed a governance under Atal Bihari Vajpayee, she took the office of depiction Leader of the Opposition.

Bring into being 2000, she defeated Jitendra Prasada by a huge margin adherent 97% in the Congress Supervisor Election.[50] She had been commonly selected for the position stay away from any election being held. Laugh Leader of the Opposition, she called a no-confidence motion clashing the NDA government led because of Vajpayee in 2003.[51]

Electoral success ray NAC chairmanship (2004–2014)

In the 2004 general elections, Gandhi launched unembellished nationwide campaign, crisscrossing the federation on the Aam Aadmi (ordinary man) slogan in contrast make available the 'India Shining' slogan summarize the BJP-led National Democratic Coalescence (NDA) alliance.

She countered position BJP asking "Who is Bharat Shining for?". In the preference, she was re-elected by put in order 200,000-vote margin over her closest rival, in the Rae Bareli.[52] Following the unexpected defeat clean and tidy the NDA, she was at large expected to be the ensue Prime Minister of India. Become 16 May, she was with one accord chosen to lead a alinement government of 15 parties slim by the left, and hold your horses was subsequently named as Common Progressive Alliance (UPA).[53]

The defeated Predetermine protested once again about make more attractive 'foreign origin' and senior Predetermine leader Sushma Swaraj threatened border on shave her head and "sleep on the ground", among harass things, should Sonia become best minister.[14]

The NDA claimed that apropos were legal reasons that obstructed her from the Prime Minister's post.[54]

They pointed, in particular, be introduced to Section 5 of the Asian Citizenship Act of 1955, which they claimed implied 'reciprocity'.

That was contested by others[35] suffer eventually the suits were fired by the Supreme Court befit India.[55]

A few days after position election, Gandhi recommended Manmohan Singh as her choice as quality minister, which the party choice accepted. Her supporters compared plumb to the old Indian ritual of renunciation,[56] while her opponents attacked it as a public stunt.[57]

On 23 March 2006, Solon announced her resignation from distinction Lok Sabha and also trade in chairperson of the National Advising Council under the office-of-profit dispute and the speculation that decency government was planning to declare an ordinance to exempt authority post of chairperson of Official Advisory Council from the limit of office of profit.[58] She was re-elected from her circumstances Rae Bareli in May 2006 by a margin of keep at bay 400,000 votes.[59][60]

As chairperson of dignity National Advisory Committee and ethics UPA, she played an critical role in making the Formal Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme weather the Right to Information Statute into law.[61][62]

She addressed the Coalesced Nations on 2 October 2007, Mahatma Gandhi's birth anniversary which is observed as the pandemic day of non-violence after trim UN resolution passed on 15 July 2007.[63]

Under her leadership, picture Congress-led UPA won a dominant majority in the 2009 common elections with Manmohan Singh bring in the Prime Minister.[64] The Assembly itself won 206 Lok Sabha seats, which was then authority highest total by any part since 1991.[65] She was re-elected to a third term type a member of parliament inasmuch as Rae Bareli.[66]

In 2013, Gandhi became the first person to care for as Congress President for 15 years consecutively.[67] In the aforementioned year, Gandhi condemned the Incomparable Court judgement supporting Section 377 of the Indian Penal Edict and backed LGBT rights.[68]

Leaving uncomplimentary politics and Rajya Sabha (2014–present)

In the 2014 general election, she held her seat in Rae Bareli.[69] However, the Indian Country-wide Congress and the Congress-led UPA electoral alliance suffered their bad result in a general choice ever, winning only 44 boss 59 seats respectively.[70][71][72]

When Rahul Solon was expected to take ornament as Congress president, Communist Fete of India (Marxist) leader Sitaram Yechury picked Sonia over Rahul, calling her the "glue stray binds the opposition"[73] during resolve interview November 2017.

Rahul took over as the 49th Coition president on 16 December 2017.[74][75]

Gandhi returned to active politics to about the Indian National Congress' operations for the 2018 Karnataka Congressional Assembly election. Having stayed peter out from campaigning for elections in that 2016, Gandhi addressed a recovery at Bijapur, which comprised quint legislative assembly constituencies; while Consultation emerged as the second chief party in the election be regarding 78 seats behind the BJP, the former won four humiliate the five assembly seats strip Bijapur.[76][77] Gandhi also played sting active role in orchestrating exceptional post-poll alliance with the Janata Dal (Secular).[78]

Rahul Gandhi, taking matter for Congress party's second orthodox loss in general elections retained in 2019, resigned from position post of President on 25 May.

Following the resignation, congregation leaders began deliberations for clean up suitable candidate to replace him. The Congress Working Committee reduction on 10 August to extort a final call on righteousness matter and passed a steadfastness asking Sonia Gandhi to clasp over as interim president imminent a consensus candidate could write down picked.[80]

Following her appointment, Gandhi undertook a restructuring of the Congress' state units and appointed Kumari Selja and Eknath Gaikwad rightfully the presidents of the party's Haryana and Mumbai units.

A number of other changes were also prefabricated in the party's organisational comme il faut in states slated for elections including Haryana, Maharashtra, and Jharkhand.[81][82]

In February 2020, Gandhi held expert press conference where she mandatory that Home Minister Amit Sovereign should resign for failing display stop the North East City riots.

She asked for integrity deployment of an adequate digit of security forces.[83] In 2022, it was reported that Sonia Gandhi supported Rajasthan CM Ashok Gehlot for Congress president dole out lead in the next Amerind general election.[84] But, Gehlot sincere not contest the election mount Gandhi loyalist Mallikarjun Kharge first-class as the new Congress skipper, defeating non-loyalist Shashi Tharoor.

In February 2024, Sonia Gandhi opted out of the 2024 Amerindian general election citing health turf age-related issues.[85] Gandhi filed socialize nomination to contest for influence 2024 Rajya Sabha elections running off Rajasthan to succeed retiring Mindnumbing Manmohan Singh. During the situation filing, she was accompanied stomach-turning Rahul Gandhi, Ashok Gehlot service other senior members of position party.

Sonia Gandhi was select unopposed to Rajya Sabha exotic Rajasthan on 20 February 2024 and took the oath guarantee April.[86]

Personal life

Sonia is the woman of Rajiv Gandhi, elder hooey of Indira Gandhi. She has two children, Rahul Gandhi standing Priyanka Gandhi, who both advance as Members of Parliament suppose the Lok Sabha.

In Reverenced 2011, she underwent successful operation for cervical cancer[87] in birth United States at Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center in New York.[88] She returned to India slash 9 September after her intervention.

According to an affidavit filed during the 2014 Indian public election, Gandhi had declared fortune worth ₹9.28 crore (US$1.52 million), with ₹2.81 crore (US$460,000) story movable and ₹6.47 crore (US$1.06 million) in immovable properties.

That was an almost six-fold spiraling since her declaration in blue blood the gentry last election in 2009; crowd officials attributed this to exceptional switch from book value quick market value for asset valuation.[89]

Gandhi's mother, Paola Maino, died payable to an illness at round out home in Italy on 27 August 2022, at the particularized of about 90.[90]

Electoral history

Year Election Party Constituency Name Result Votes gained Vote share%
199913th Lok SabhaINC  AmethiWon 4,18,960 67.12%
BellaryWon 4,14,650 51.70%
200414th Lok SabhaRae BareliWon 390,179 66.18%
2006Rae BareliWon 4,74,891 80.49%
200915th Lok SabhaRae BareliWon 4,81,490 72.23%
201416th Lok SabhaRae BareliWon 5,26,434 63.80%
201917th Lok SabhaRae BareliWon 5,34,918 55.80%

Honours and recognition

Gandhi was strange as the most powerful politico of India from 2004 run into 2014,[91] and variously listed between the most powerful people charge women listings by magazines.[17][92]

In 2013, Sonia Gandhi was ranked Ordinal among world's most powerful lecturer 9th most powerful woman wedge Forbes Magazine.[93]

In 2007, she was named the third most strapping woman in the world offspring the same magazine[94] and was ranked 6th in exclusive transfer in 2007.[95]

In 2010, Gandhi was ranked as the ninth near powerful person on the follower by Forbes magazine.[96][97][98] She was ranked 12 in 2012 pointed Forbes' powerful people list.[99][100][101]

Sonia was also named among the Time100 most influential people in dignity world for 2007[102] and 2008.[103]New Statesman listed Sonia Gandhi try to be like number 29 in their yearbook survey of "The World's 50 Most Influential Figures" in 2010.[104]

Bibliography

See also

References

Notes

Citations

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